Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Perinatal liver sympathetic innervation governs body size

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09880-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative Tuj1 and DAPI immunohistochemistry (left panel) and quantification of Tuj1 staining (right panel) of liver sections from P7 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO mice ( n = 4 per genotype). Scale bar, 160 µm. B Representative TH and DAPI immunohistochemistry (left panel) and quantification of TH staining (right panel) of liver sections from P7 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO ( n = 3 per genotype). Scale bar, 160 µm. C Weights of tibialis anterior muscle (TAM), inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT) normalized to body weight in P18 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO ( n = 3–4 per genotype). D Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of TAM sections from P18 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO. Scale bar, 200 µm. E Forelimb grip strength measurements show decreased neuromuscular function in Nes-Cdh1 KO mice (P18 n = 3–4 per genotype). F Immunoblot of TH protein from heart, lung, liver and kidney of P7 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO. Quantifications are shown in Supplementary Fig. . G Plasma IGF-1 levels of P7 and P21 Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO ( n = 6 per postnatal period and genotype). H Quantitative real-time PCR of indicated mRNAs in P7 liver from Nes-WT and Nes-Cdh1 KO mice. Data were normalized to Gapdh mRNA levels obtained in the same sample, and relative mRNA levels were considered as the fold change of Nes-WT ( Igf1 n = 9, Igfbp3 n = 7, Igfals n = 9 per genotype). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Levene’s equal variances test followed by Welch’s t -test ( A ); unpaired, U-Mann-Whitney’s test ( B , E ); unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t -test ( C ); Welch’s t -test and unpaired U-Mann-Whitney’s test ( G ) or by Welch’s t -test and unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t -test ( H ) versus age-matched Nes-WT.

Article Snippet: Rat/Mouse Growth Hormone ELISA Kit (Millipore #EZRMGH-45K) was used to measure GH plasma levels and Mouse/Rat IGF-I Quantikine ELISA was used to analyze IGF-1 levels (R&D Systems #MG100).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Western Blot, Clinical Proteomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Perinatal liver sympathetic innervation governs body size

doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09880-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Hypothalamic-pituitary gland-liver (GHRH-GH-IGF-1) endocrine pathway scheme. Created with Biorender.com. B Representative NeuN (neuronal marker) and DAPI (nuclei) immunohistochemistry of hypothalamic sections (particularly in the arcuate nucleus), at early (P7) and late (P21) postnatal period. Scale bar, 20 µm. Quantifications are shown in Supplementary Fig. . C , D Plasma levels of ( C ) GHRH and ( D ) GH ( n = 4 per postnatal period and genotype). E Representative GH and DAPI immunohistochemistry of pituitary gland sections (P21). Quantifications are shown in Supplementary Fig. . Scale bar, 25 µm. F Quantitative real-time PCR of Gh mRNA in P7 pituitary gland. Data were normalized to Gapdh mRNA levels obtained in the same sample, and relative mRNA levels were considered as the fold change of Nes-WT ( n = 5 per genotype). G – K P7 Nes-Cdh1 KO mice were injected i.p. once daily for 7 days with saline (Nes-WT, Nes-Cdh1 KO) or recombinant human IGF-1 (1 mg/Kg) (Nes-Cdh1 KO + IGF-1). G Body gain (one week, P14-P7), H brain/body weight ratio and I liver/body weight ratio of P14 Nes-WT, Nes-Cdh1 KO and Nes-Cdh1 KO treated with human recombinant IGF-1 (Nes-Cdh1 KO + IGF-1) ( n = 7 per genotype and condition). J Representative Tuj1 and DAPI immunohistochemistry (left panel) and quantification of Tuj1 staining (right panel) of liver sections from P14 Nes-WT, Nes-Cdh1 KO, and Nes-Cdh1 KO + IGF-1 mice ( n = 3 per genotype and condition). Scale bar, 160 µm. K Quantitative real-time PCR of indicated mRNAs in P14 liver. Data were normalized to Gapdh mRNA levels obtained in the same sample, and relative mRNA levels were considered as the fold change of Nes-WT ( Igf1, Igfbp3, Igfals n = 5 per genotype and condition). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Levene’s equal variances test followed by Welch’s t -test ( C ); unpaired U-Mann-Whitney’s test and unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t -test ( D ) or by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t -test ( F ) versus age-matched Nes-WT or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction ( G , J , K ) or Welch’s ANOVA test followed by Games-Howell correction ( H , I ).

Article Snippet: Rat/Mouse Growth Hormone ELISA Kit (Millipore #EZRMGH-45K) was used to measure GH plasma levels and Mouse/Rat IGF-I Quantikine ELISA was used to analyze IGF-1 levels (R&D Systems #MG100).

Techniques: Marker, Immunohistochemistry, Clinical Proteomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Injection, Saline, Recombinant, Staining, Two Tailed Test